23 July – 4 September 1999
White Cube Duke Street
For his White Cube exhibition acclaimed American artist Chuck Close presented a new series of paintings. Since the late 1960s Close has been concentrating on portraiture and on the physiological make up of the human face through painting and photography. Close often takes his family and friends as models and the six portraits exhibited, dating from 2000-02, included pictures of the artist's wife, Leslie, fellow artists James Siena and Robert Rauschenberg as well as a new, scrutinising self-portrait. Although Close has worked through various painterly styles including an intense neo-realism in the 1970s and a shadowy pointillisme in the 1980s created by paint applied on the fingertips, he is perhaps best known for his more recent works, made up from a shimmering, fragile grid set on the diagonal. His method of painting is always indexical, an incremental process whereby associative colours and shapes build up a pictorial syntax and recognisable figurative whole.
The paintings shown in the exhibition are both monumental and classical in their bold simplicity as well as intangible, appearing as if they have been viewed through a thick layer of glass or rippling on the surface of water. Paul IV (2001) a portrait of Paul Cadmus in profile, for example, is reminiscent of Holbein, but Close's works equally have the studied quality of Vermeer, where the liquid eyes and imprecise gaze of his sitters fixes and absorbs the viewer at the same time.
Close's paintings are over-all images where the background of the picture – the negative space – is as important as the face itself, one cannot exist without the other. The backgrounds define both the limit of the picture plane and the outline of the sitter – in his daguerreotype photographs the inky pitch black sets off the light, reflective quality of the face and in his paintings the face is actually created through the interaction between light and shadow, foreground and background. Close employs a palette which, in the exhibited portraits, consists principally of murky flesh tones – a spectrum ranging from pale pink and peach through magentas and crimson, overlaid with darker tones of grey, blue and brown. In this way, the subjects of his paintings appear like apparitions, dissolving and resolving when viewed from changing distances.
In Self-Portrait (2000), for example, the edges of the artist's face disintegrate at its outer limits by dark shapes, which are punctuated by occasional patches of light. On close examination, we are drawn to focus on the strange, even alarming clarity of the droplet-shaped patch of bright white marking the side of his nose, or at the teardrop-shaped patch of white in his left eye. Likewise, in Close's portrait of the artist James Siena, James (2002), the eyes are made up of dark quarter circles, making them seem both the focal point of the painting and yet also vortexes, constantly making the viewer adjust their gaze. Emma (2000), a portrait of a young child, is suspended in animation, the skewed position of her head suggestive of expressive movement.
Close works on his paintings methodically, starting his loose but regular grid from the left hand corner of the canvas. Within this confining structure however, figuration is pushed to the extreme by an internal dynamic built up through a relationship of part to whole. Close's paintings seem intensely personal, his subjects inescapably rendered in character, but constantly shifting in their physical presence, through the palpable, distinct tension of both palette and form. Warm colours are set against cold, circles against squares and the organising principles of the grid constantly broken by minute areas of expressive abstraction. The paintings are supremely layered, but all the layers remain on the surface to create rich tableaux of shapes, colours and tones jostling against each other, forming a coherent but barely visible whole.
Artist profile
Chuck Close
Since the late 1960s Chuck Close has been concentrating on portraiture and the human face in painting and photography and is one of the most celebrated artists working today.
FULL PROFILE
